{"id":2358,"date":"2025-11-24T17:01:28","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T17:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/?p=2358","raw":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/?p=2358"},"modified":"2026-02-20T11:02:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T11:02:07","slug":"plagiarism-cases-in-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/zh\/plagiarism-cases-in-science\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9707\u64bc\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6284\u88ad\u6848\u4ef6","raw":"\u9707\u64bc\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6284\u88ad\u6848\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6284\u88ad\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/h2>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6284\u88ad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u590d\u5236\u6587\u672c\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u635f\u5bb3\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u900f\u660e\u548c\u72ec\u521b\u6027\u3002 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\u5e7b\u5f71\u7814\u7a76\u5458<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684Elias Alsabti\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5192\u5145\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458 1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86 60 \u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u963f\u5c14\u8428\u5e03\u8482\u6284\u88ad\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ea\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u540e\u679c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u66dd\u5149\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u8428\u6bd4\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6267\u7167\u88ab\u540a\u9500\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5b66\u672f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 2\uff1aBharat Aggarwal \u2013 \u59dc\u9ec4\u7d20\u4e89\u8bae<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1aBharat Aggarwal \u662f\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde MD \u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u764c\u75c7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002 \u4ed6\u56e0\u7814\u7a76\u59dc\u9ec4\u7d20\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u59dc\u9ec4\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1aAggarwal \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5305\u542b\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684 30 \u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u4e11\u95fb\u5bf9\u56f4\u7ed5\u59dc\u9ec4\u7d20\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7092\u4f5c\u9a71\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002 \u5b83\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u589e\u52a0\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 3\uff1aJoachim Boldt \u2013 \u7f16\u9020\u9ebb\u9189\u7814\u7a76<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u9ebb\u9189\u5e08 Joachim Boldt \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u9759\u8109\u8f93\u6db2\u548c\u9ebb\u9189\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u6307\u5357\u3002 <\/li>\n<li> \u6284\u88ad\u548c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1aBoldt \u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u634f\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u672a\u80fd\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u83b7\u5f97\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5408\u8457\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u535a\u5c14\u7279\u7684 220 \u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u95ee\u8d23\u5236\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 4\uff1aAnna Ahimastos \u2013 \u4f2a\u9020\u836f\u7269\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e <\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li> \u80cc\u666f\uff1aAnna Ahimastos \u5728\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u7684 Baker Idi \u5fc3\u810f\u548c\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u5979\u5bf9\u96f7\u7c73\u666e\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u96f7\u7c73\u666e\u5229\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u5916\u5468\u52a8\u8109\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u7269\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1aAhimastos \u627f\u8ba4\u5728\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7f16\u9020\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u58f0\u79f0\u96f7\u7c73\u666e\u5229\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bef\u5bfc\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5979\u7684\u4e5d\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u5979\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u804c\u52a1\u3002 \u8be5\u6848\u4f8b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 5\uff1aKarl-Theodor Zu Guttenberg \u2013 \u6284\u88ad\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1aKarl-Theodor Zu Guttenberg \u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u548c\u5189\u5189\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u660e\u661f\u3002 2006 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u5f62\u8c61\u3002 <\/li>\n<li> \u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a2011 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u4fa6\u63a2\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6 475 \u9875\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u590d\u5236\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u3002 \u4e11\u95fb\u5728\u4f17\u5305\u8c03\u67e5\u5e73\u53f0\u201cGuttenplag Wiki\u201d\u4e0a\u7206\u53d1\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u679c\uff1aGuttenberg \u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u90e8\u957f\u804c\u52a1\u3002 \u6b64\u6848\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u589e\u52a0\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 6\uff1aP\u00e1l Schmitt \u2013 \u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u51a0\u519b\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u6284\u88ad\u8005<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u524d\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u51fb\u5251\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u5e15\u5c14\u00b7\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279 (P\u00e1l Schmitt) \u4e8e 2010 \u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u5308\u7259\u5229\u603b\u7edf\u3002 \u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8e 1992 \u5e74\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a2012\u5e74\uff0c\u585e\u6885\u5c14\u7ef4\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u527d\u7a83\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u3002 \u4e11\u95fb\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u7834\u574f\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 7\uff1aJan Hendrik Sch\u00f6n \u2013 Bell Labs \u7684\u7269\u7406\u6b3a\u8bc8<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u73b0\u573a\uff1a\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aSch\u00f6n \u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9876\u7ea7\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u8d85\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u8bba\u6587 \u548c\u81ea\u7136\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u4f46 Sch\u00f6n \u8fd8\u6284\u88ad\u4e86\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u5341\u591a\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u89e3\u96c7\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5eb7\u65af\u5766\u8328\u5927\u5b66\u64a4\u9500\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 8. Haruko Obokata \u2013 STAP \u7ec6\u80de\u4e89\u8bae<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<li>\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aObokata \u58f0\u79f0\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u538b\u529b\u6e90\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u80fd\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5979\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u542b\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u62a5\u7eb8\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005 Yoshiki Sasai \u5728\u4e11\u95fb\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e78\u81ea\u6740\u8eab\u4ea1\u3002 Obokata \u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u5979\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240 Riken \u7684\u804c\u52a1\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 9\uff1aRathindra Nath Das \u2013 \u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6284\u88ad\u8bba\u6587 <\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li> \u73b0\u573a\uff1a\u73af\u5883\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aJadavpur \u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388 Das \u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u6284\u88ad\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ed6\u7684 \u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u56e0\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5bf9\u5176\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 10\uff1a\u9ec4\u5b87\u7d20 \u2013 \u97e9\u56fd\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u6b3a\u8bc8<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u91ce\u5916\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u9ec4\u58f0\u79f0\u514b\u9686\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u80da\u80ce\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5305\u62ec\u4f2a\u9020\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u540d\u8a89\u626b\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5224\u8d2a\u6c61\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u7f6a\u3002 \u4e11\u95fb\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u58f0\u8a89\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 11\uff1aLuc Montagnier \u2013 \u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005<\/h3>\n<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aMontagnier\uff0c\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6307\u63a7 DNA \u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u6587\u672c\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u73b7\u6c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 12\uff1aVishwa Jit Gupta \u2013 \u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u6b3a\u8bc8<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u73b0\u573a\uff1a\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u53e4\u666e\u5854\u53d1\u8868\u4e86 400 \u591a\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a \u5176\u4e2d\u662f\u634f\u9020\u6216\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u540c\u884c\u63ed\u7a7f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u671f\u520a\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u8be5\u6848\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 13\uff1aCyril Burt \u2013 \u60c5\u62a5\u7814\u7a76\u634f\u9020<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aBurt \u58f0\u79f0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u667a\u529b\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7684\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u7814\u7a76\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5408\u8457\u8005\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u6b7b\u540e\u8c03\u67e5\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8fdd\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7ea2\u65d7<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u538b\u529b<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df Fields<\/li>\n<li>\u673a\u6784\u76f2\u70b9\uff0c\u58f0\u671b\u5c4f\u853d\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<li>\u672a\u80fd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6279\u51c6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6284\u88ad\uff1f <\/h3>\n<p> \u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6284\u88ad\u5e38\u5e38\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51fa\u7248\u538b\u529b\uff1a\u201c\u51fa\u7248\u6216\u706d\u4ea1\u201d\u6587\u5316\u6fc0\u52b1\u6570\u91cf\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d28\u91cf\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u664b\u5347\u3001\u8d60\u6b3e\u548c\u58f0\u671b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u51fa\u7248\u6307\u6807\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76d1\u7763\uff1a\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9519\u8fc7\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u6284\u88ad\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u57f9\u8bad\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e86\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u89c4\u8303\u6216\u6570\u636e\u4f26\u7406\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6284\u88ad\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u6284\u88ad\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u68c0\u6d4b\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"\/plagiarism-checker\/\">OriginalityReport<\/a> \u6216 Turnitin)<\/li>\n<li>\u56fe\u50cf\u53d6\u8bc1<\/li>\n<li>Guttenplag Wiki<\/li>\n<li>\u64a4\u56de\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u770b\u95e8\u72d7\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4f17\u5305\u8c03\u67e5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9488\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 <\/p>\n<h3>\u5438\u53d6\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u548c\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u8b66\u793a\u6545\u4e8b\u3002 \u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bda\u4fe1\u6bd4\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u534f\u5546\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u673a\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u57f9\u517b\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u6587\u5316\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u6284\u88ad\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6284\u88ad\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u72ec\u521b\u6027\u3002 \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5206\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 <\/p>\n<h3>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u8bda\u4fe1\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u8bda\u4fe1\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3001\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u9075\u5b88\u3002 \u5b83\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bda\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5206\u6790<\/li>\n<li>\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u8d23\u5236<\/li>\n<li>\u5c0a\u91cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5f52\u56e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f53\u6284\u88ad\u8fdb\u5165\u753b\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u652f\u67f1\u5f00\u59cb\u5d29\u6e83\u3002 <\/p>\n<h2>\u6284\u88ad\u5982\u4f55\u635f\u5bb3\u79d1\u5b66\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4fb5\u8680\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u4efb<\/strong><br \/> \u6284\u88ad\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6000\u7591\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u3001\u673a\u6784\u6216\u516c\u4f17\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4fe1\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff1f<br \/> <em>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em> \u5728 Jan Hendrik Sch\u00f6n \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u634f\u9020\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u81f4 \u5bf9\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u671f\u520a\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u635f\u5bb3\u79d1\u5b66\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><br \/> \u79d1\u5b66\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u6bcf\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u7816\u5934\u3002 \u6284\u88ad\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u7816\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bef\u5bfc\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u6d6a\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <br \/> <em>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em> Bharat Aggarwal \u5bf9\u59dc\u9ec4\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u8bef\u5bfc\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u3002 <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8d2c\u503c\u539f\u521b\u4f5c\u54c1<\/strong><br \/>\u6284\u88ad\u4f5c\u54c1\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u7a83\u53d6\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u963b\u788d\u521b\u65b0\u3002 <br \/> <em>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em> Karl-Theodor Zu Guttenberg \u6284\u88ad\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e86\u4ed6\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002 <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u524a\u5f31\u673a\u6784\u4fe1\u8a89<\/strong><br \/> \u5927\u5b66\u3001\u671f\u520a\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002 \u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u6284\u88ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u5ba1\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u5f88\u5dee\u3002 <br \/> \u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u8bda\u4fe1\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6284\u88ad\u7387\u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u627c\u6740\u667a\u529b\u589e\u957f<\/strong><br \/>\u6284\u88ad\u4f7f\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u77ed\u8def\u3002 \u6284\u88ad\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u8fd9\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u63a2\u7a76\u6587\u5316\u3002 <br \/> \u6839\u636e\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6284\u88ad\u201c\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u667a\u529b\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u540e\u679c<\/strong><br \/> \u6284\u88ad\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u64a4\u56de\uff0c \u5931\u4e1a\uff0c\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\u7684\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u540e\u679c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u3002 <br \/> \u5728\u9ec4\u5b87\u9521\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6027\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u7814\u7a76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5211\u4e8b\u6307\u63a7\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u97e9\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6d9f\u6f2a\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u6284\u88ad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<li>\u626d\u66f2\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u6548\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4fdd\u969c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6297 \u6284\u88ad\u3001\u673a\u6784\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 iThenticate \u6216 Turnitin \u7b49\u6284\u88ad\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fc3\u8fdb\u9053\u5fb7\u57f9\u8bad<\/li>\n<li>\u9f13\u52b1\u5f00\u653e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u636e\u900f\u660e\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u5357<\/li>\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u4e3e\u62a5\u4eba\u548c\u8c03\u67e5\u6027\u65b0\u95fb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u64a4\u7a3f\u89c2\u5bdf\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6284\u88ad\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u635f\u5bb3\u58f0\u8a89 &#8211; \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5 \u8131\u8f68\uff0c\u8bef\u5bfc\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4fb5\u8680\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002 \u968f\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u5f00\u653e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u95ee\u8d23\u5236\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u72ec\u521b\u6027\u3001\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u65b9\u9762\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\u9634\u6697\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5728\u7ea0\u6b63\u5176\u8def\u7ebf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u3002 \u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6284\u88ad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e11\u95fb\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5408\u4e4e\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e86\u89e3\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u63aa\u65bd\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u5199\u4f5c\u6216\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bf7\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u6177\u6168\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u59cb\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u8bda\u4fe1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u3002 <\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"<h2>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6284\u88ad\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6284\u88ad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u590d\u5236\u6587\u672c\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u635f\u5bb3\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u900f\u660e\u548c\u72ec\u521b\u6027\u3002 \u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4efb\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u673a\u6784\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\r\n \r\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u6284\u88ad\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u5176\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e11\u95fb\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6d3b\u538b\u529b\u548c\u9677\u9631\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002 <\/p>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6284\u88ad\uff1f<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u6848\u4f8b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002 \u5b83\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u6587\u672c\u6284\u88ad\uff1a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u590d\u5236\u6587\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6284\u88ad\uff1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>IDEA \u6284\u88ad\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u81ea\u6211\u6284\u88ad\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u91cd\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee5\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<p> \u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u634f\u9020\u3001\u4f2a\u9020\u6216\u5e7d\u7075\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5907\u53d7\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6284\u88ad\u3002 <\/p>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b1\uff1aElias Alsabti \u2013 \u5e7b\u5f71\u7814\u7a76\u5458<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684Elias Alsabti\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5192\u5145\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458 1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86 60 \u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u963f\u5c14\u8428\u5e03\u8482\u6284\u88ad\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ea\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u540e\u679c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u66dd\u5149\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u8428\u6bd4\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6267\u7167\u88ab\u540a\u9500\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5b66\u672f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 2\uff1aBharat Aggarwal \u2013 \u59dc\u9ec4\u7d20\u4e89\u8bae<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1aBharat Aggarwal \u662f\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde MD \u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u764c\u75c7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002 \u4ed6\u56e0\u7814\u7a76\u59dc\u9ec4\u7d20\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u59dc\u9ec4\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1aAggarwal \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5305\u542b\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684 30 \u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u4e11\u95fb\u5bf9\u56f4\u7ed5\u59dc\u9ec4\u7d20\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7092\u4f5c\u9a71\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002 \u5b83\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u589e\u52a0\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 3\uff1aJoachim Boldt \u2013 \u7f16\u9020\u9ebb\u9189\u7814\u7a76<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u9ebb\u9189\u5e08 Joachim Boldt \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u9759\u8109\u8f93\u6db2\u548c\u9ebb\u9189\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u6307\u5357\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u6284\u88ad\u548c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1aBoldt \u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u634f\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u672a\u80fd\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u83b7\u5f97\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5408\u8457\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u535a\u5c14\u7279\u7684 220 \u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u95ee\u8d23\u5236\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 4\uff1aAnna Ahimastos \u2013 \u4f2a\u9020\u836f\u7269\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e <\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li> \u80cc\u666f\uff1aAnna Ahimastos \u5728\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u7684 Baker Idi \u5fc3\u810f\u548c\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u5979\u5bf9\u96f7\u7c73\u666e\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u96f7\u7c73\u666e\u5229\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u5916\u5468\u52a8\u8109\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u7269\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1aAhimastos \u627f\u8ba4\u5728\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7f16\u9020\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u58f0\u79f0\u96f7\u7c73\u666e\u5229\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bef\u5bfc\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5979\u7684\u4e5d\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u5979\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u804c\u52a1\u3002 \u8be5\u6848\u4f8b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 5\uff1aKarl-Theodor Zu Guttenberg \u2013 \u6284\u88ad\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1aKarl-Theodor Zu Guttenberg \u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u548c\u5189\u5189\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u660e\u661f\u3002 2006 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u5f62\u8c61\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a2011 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u4fa6\u63a2\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6 475 \u9875\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u590d\u5236\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u3002 \u4e11\u95fb\u5728\u4f17\u5305\u8c03\u67e5\u5e73\u53f0\u201cGuttenplag Wiki\u201d\u4e0a\u7206\u53d1\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u540e\u679c\uff1aGuttenberg \u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u90e8\u957f\u804c\u52a1\u3002 \u6b64\u6848\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u589e\u52a0\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 6\uff1aP\u00e1l Schmitt \u2013 \u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u51a0\u519b\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u6284\u88ad\u8005<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u524d\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u51fb\u5251\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u5e15\u5c14\u00b7\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279 (P\u00e1l Schmitt) \u4e8e 2010 \u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u5308\u7259\u5229\u603b\u7edf\u3002 \u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8e 1992 \u5e74\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a2012\u5e74\uff0c\u585e\u6885\u5c14\u7ef4\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u527d\u7a83\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u3002 \u4e11\u95fb\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u7834\u574f\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 7\uff1aJan Hendrik Sch\u00f6n \u2013 Bell Labs \u7684\u7269\u7406\u6b3a\u8bc8<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u73b0\u573a\uff1a\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aSch\u00f6n \u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9876\u7ea7\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u8d85\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u8bba\u6587 \u548c\u81ea\u7136\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u4f46 Sch\u00f6n \u8fd8\u6284\u88ad\u4e86\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u5341\u591a\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u89e3\u96c7\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5eb7\u65af\u5766\u8328\u5927\u5b66\u64a4\u9500\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 8. Haruko Obokata \u2013 STAP \u7ec6\u80de\u4e89\u8bae<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\r\n<li>\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aObokata \u58f0\u79f0\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u538b\u529b\u6e90\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u80fd\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5979\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u542b\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u62a5\u7eb8\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005 Yoshiki Sasai \u5728\u4e11\u95fb\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e78\u81ea\u6740\u8eab\u4ea1\u3002 Obokata \u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u5979\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240 Riken \u7684\u804c\u52a1\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 9\uff1aRathindra Nath Das \u2013 \u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6284\u88ad\u8bba\u6587 <\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li> \u73b0\u573a\uff1a\u73af\u5883\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aJadavpur \u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388 Das \u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u6284\u88ad\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ed6\u7684 \u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u56e0\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5bf9\u5176\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 10\uff1a\u9ec4\u5b87\u7d20 \u2013 \u97e9\u56fd\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u6b3a\u8bc8<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u91ce\u5916\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u9ec4\u58f0\u79f0\u514b\u9686\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u80da\u80ce\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5305\u62ec\u4f2a\u9020\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6284\u88ad\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u540d\u8a89\u626b\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5224\u8d2a\u6c61\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u7f6a\u3002 \u4e11\u95fb\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u58f0\u8a89\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 11\uff1aLuc Montagnier \u2013 \u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005<\/h3>\r\n <\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aMontagnier\uff0c\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6307\u63a7 DNA \u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u6587\u672c\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u73b7\u6c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 12\uff1aVishwa Jit Gupta \u2013 \u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u6b3a\u8bc8<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>\u73b0\u573a\uff1a\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u53e4\u666e\u5854\u53d1\u8868\u4e86 400 \u591a\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a \u5176\u4e2d\u662f\u634f\u9020\u6216\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002 <\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u8f90\u5c04\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u540c\u884c\u63ed\u7a7f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u671f\u520a\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u8be5\u6848\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u6848\u4f8b 13\uff1aCyril Burt \u2013 \u60c5\u62a5\u7814\u7a76\u634f\u9020<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> 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