V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/em> M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Stalingrad \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.
M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Stephen Ambrose, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a anh ta. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt <\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u2014 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 sao ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n
Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb phong c\u00e1ch, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh khi c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. <\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Richard Prince, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean Instagram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1n ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1 cao. Trong khi Prince tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 "ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t", nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i anh ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. <\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Damien Hirst, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i sao ch\u00e9p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Hirst \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ef1c quan tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1eeba ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Cho d\u00f9 trong ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. <\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a; \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc. Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"
L\u00fd do cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n <\/h2>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u00ean tr\u00edch d\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi tung h\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn. Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p trong tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan? <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
\u00c1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng cao ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung ho\u1eb7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9m. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u1ea5p r\u00fat n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cm\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u1edb. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ghi ch\u00fa k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Khi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, h\u00e3y b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gian l\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n do thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u01a1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n <\/h2>\r\n \r\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i sao ch\u00e9p n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u1eady, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngo\u00e0i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Internet cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c.
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t; N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n <\/h2>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sao ch\u00e9p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia coi tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia. Ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u2018Plagiarus\u2019 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 La M\u00e3 Martial s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1 CN. Anh ta bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n c\u1eafp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t "plagiarus", theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 "k\u1ebb b\u1eaft c\u00f3c" ho\u1eb7c "k\u1ebb b\u1eaft c\u00f3c". \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi "b\u1eaft c\u00f3c" t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp v\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i. G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Latinh "Plagiarus" ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh "\u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n" nhi\u1ec1u sau n\u00e0y. Theo c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o in v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft, khi\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
Khi h\u1ecfi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sang ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latinh, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Khai s\u00e1ng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ct\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra ng\u00e0y nay? <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0 19, khi lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Khi vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 sinh l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. T\u00f2a \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u coi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
Xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tu t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n <\/a>, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau: ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng lao th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 - t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 - v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/p>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh khi n\u00e0o? <\/strong> <\/span> <\/h3>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u2014 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m theo th\u1eddi gian. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef "\u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n" v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5: bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c \u0103n c\u1eafp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. <\/li>\r\n \r\n Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 <\/strong>: T\u1eeb "\u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n" \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latinh. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0103n c\u1eafp t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. <\/li>\r\n \r\n Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18-19 <\/strong>: V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o in, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n. <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n <\/h2>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean - vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p - c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc: t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ebft tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/em> M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 "cogito, ergo sum" c\u1ee7a Descartes v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o Descartes. Trong khi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, khung b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh logic v\u00e0 logic ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n.
Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Friedrich Nietzsche tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Arthur Schopenhauer m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn. <\/p>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn g\u1ed1c. Sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phong c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/em> V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Helene Hegemann \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i khi cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t blogger \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m "l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu" trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n.
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. <\/p>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn minh b\u1ea1ch, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/em> M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00fd g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pavlovian nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n.
Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. <\/p>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u2014 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/em> M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb Kenya m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c tham kh\u1ea3o. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.
Nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. <\/p>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/em> M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Stalingrad \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.
M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Stephen Ambrose, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a anh ta. <\/p>\r\n \r\n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt <\/h3>\r\n \r\n
\u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u2014 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 sao ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb phong c\u00e1ch, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh khi c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Richard Prince, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean Instagram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1n ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1 cao. Trong khi Prince tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 "ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t", nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i anh ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Damien Hirst, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i sao ch\u00e9p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Hirst \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ef1c quan tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1eeba ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Cho d\u00f9 trong ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. <\/p>\r\n \r\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a; \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc. Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. <\/p>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"L\u00fd do cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u0103n, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed […]","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_aioseo_title":"Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o V\u0103n #separator_sa #site_title","_aioseo_description":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean, l\u00fd do xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.","_locale":"vi","_original_post":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/?p=1079","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academic-writing","vi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2531"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2778,"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2531\/revisions\/2778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}