{"id":2354,"date":"2025-11-24T17:01:36","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T17:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/?p=2354","raw":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/?p=2354"},"modified":"2025-11-24T17:15:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T17:15:28","slug":"plagiarism-cases-in-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/tr\/plagiarism-cases-in-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 sarsan \u00fcnl\u00fc intihal vakalar\u0131","raw":"Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 sarsan \u00fcnl\u00fc intihal vakalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2> Bilimde intihal neden \u00f6nemli<\/h2>\n<p>Bilimde intihal sadece metin kopyalamakla ilgili de\u011fil, ke\u015ffin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermekle ilgilidir. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar g\u00fcven, \u015feffafl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe dayan\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcven k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sonu\u00e7lar bireyin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kurumlar\u0131, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini etkiliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu makalede, bilimdeki en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli intihal vakalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedece\u011fiz, suistimallerinin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz ve bu skandallar\u0131n akademik ya\u015fam\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve tuzaklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<h3>Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmada intihal ne olu\u015fturur?<\/h3>\n<p>Vakalara dalmadan \u00f6nce, bilimsel ba\u011flamda intihalin ne anlama geldi\u011fini tan\u0131mlamak \u00f6nemlidir. \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Metinsel intihal: metnin b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini uygun al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmadan kopyalama.<\/li>\n<li>Veri intihal: ba\u015fka birinin deneysel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kendinizmi\u015f gibi sunmak.<\/li>\n<li> Fikir \u0130ntihal: Ba\u015fka bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n hipotezini veya metodolojisini kredisiz kullanmak.<\/li>\n<li>Kendini intihal: ki\u015finin daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa etmeden yeniden kullanmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bilimsel suistimal, y\u00fcksek profilli vakalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla intihale e\u015flik eden imalat, tahrif veya hayalet yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n<h3> Vaka 1: Elias Alsabti \u2013 The Phantom Researcher<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Arka plan: Aslen Irakl\u0131 olan Elias Alsabti, 1970&#039;lerin sonlar\u0131nda ve ba\u015flar\u0131nda ABD&#039;de biyomedikal ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak poz verdi. 1980&#039;ler. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu mevcut literat\u00fcrden intihal edilen prestijli dergilerde 60&#039;tan fazla makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihalin do\u011fas\u0131: Alsabti t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kopyalad\u0131, bazen sadece ortak yazarlar\u0131n isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f verilerin ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit eden sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi bir alan olan kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na odakland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar: Alsabti&#039;nin t\u0131bbi lisans\u0131 if\u015fa edildikten sonra iptal edildi ve evraklar\u0131 geri al\u0131nd\u0131. Davas\u0131, biyomedikal bilimdeki en korkun\u00e7 akademik doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklerinden biri olmaya devam ediyor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 2: Bharat Aggarwal \u2013 Curcumin Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Arka plan: Bharat Aggarwal, Teksas&#039;taki MD Anderson Kanser Merkezi&#039;nde \u00f6nde gelen bir kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Zerde\u00e7alda bulunan bir bile\u015fik olan kurkumin \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla potansiyel bir kanser tedavisi olarak \u00fcn kazand\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> K\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131: Aggarwal&#039;\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ve intihal metinler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bulundu. 30&#039;dan fazla makalesi geri \u00e7ekildi ve di\u011ferleri endi\u015feleri i\u00e7in i\u015faretlendi.<\/li>\n<li>Etki: Skandal, curcumin&#039;i \u00e7evreleyen terap\u00f6tik iddialar hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rd\u0131 ve hype g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tehlikelerini vurgulad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, bilimsel yay\u0131nlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc manip\u00fclasyonunun daha fazla incelenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 3: Joachim BOLDT \u2013 \u0130malatl\u0131 anestezi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Arka plan: Bir Alman anestezi uzman\u0131 olan Joachim Boldt, intraven\u00f6z s\u0131v\u0131lar ve anestezi \u00fczerine y\u00fczlerce makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. teknikler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Avrupa&#039;daki klinik k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131 etkiledi.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal ve doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131: BOLDT&#039;nin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n uydurulmu\u015f verilerine ve intihal b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine sahip oldu\u011fu bulundu. S\u0131k s\u0131k denemeleri i\u00e7in etik onay alamad\u0131 ve ortak yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu suistimalden habersizdi.<\/li>\n<li> Sonu\u00e7lar: Boldt&#039;un 220&#039;den fazla makalesi geri \u00e7ekildi ve onu tarihteki en \u00fcretken bilimsel doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan biri yapt\u0131. Davas\u0131, klinik ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6zetiminde ve ortak yazar hesap verebilirlikte reformlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 4: Anna Ahimastos \u2013 Sahte ila\u00e7 deneme verileri<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Arka plan: Anna Ahimastos, Melbourne&#039;deki Baker Idi Kalp ve Diyabet Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc&#039;nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Periferik arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ila\u00e7 olan ramipril \u00fczerinde klinik deneyler yapt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> K\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda hasta verilerini \u00fcretmeye kabul edilen Ahimastos. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde, ramipril&#039;in, tedavi protokollerini yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilecek hastalarda a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7: Dokuz makalesi geri \u00e7ekildi ve g\u00f6revinden istifa etti. Vaka, klinik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda veri do\u011frulaman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 5: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg \u2013 Kopyalanm\u0131\u015f bir tezden siyasi serpinti<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Arka plan: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, Almanya&#039;n\u0131n savunma bakan\u0131 ve y\u00fckselen bir siyasi y\u0131ld\u0131zd\u0131. 2006&#039;da, kamuoyundaki imaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir hukuk doktoras\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihalin do\u011fas\u0131: 2011&#039;de, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i dedektifler, 475 sayfal\u0131k tezinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nt\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n di\u011fer kaynaklardan kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffettiler. Skandal, kitle kaynakl\u0131 bir soru\u015fturma platformu olan \u201cGuttenplag Wiki\u201dde patlak verdi.<\/li>\n<li> Sonu\u00e7lar: Guttenberg&#039;in doktoras\u0131 iptal edildi ve bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etti. Dava, akademik d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck hakk\u0131nda ulusal tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve politikac\u0131lar\u0131n kimlik bilgilerinin daha fazla incelenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 6: P\u00e1l Schmitt \u2013 Olimpiyat \u015fampiyonu, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k intihal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f: Eski bir Olimpiyat eskrimcisi olan P\u00e1l Schmitt, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Macaristan&#039;\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Olimpiyat \u00fczerine doktora tezi Tarih 1992&#039;de sunuldu.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihalin Do\u011fas\u0131: 2012&#039;de Semmelweis \u00dcniversitesi, Schmitt&#039;in tezinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini di\u011fer eserlerden kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu. \u0130ntihal kapsaml\u0131 ve kas\u0131tl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7: Schmitt&#039;in doktoras\u0131 iptal edildi ve ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan istifa etti. Skandal, akademik suistimalin halk\u0131n ulusal liderlere olan g\u00fcvenini nas\u0131l zay\u0131flatabilece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 7: Jan Hendrik Sch\u00f6n \u2013 Bell Laboratuvarlar\u0131nda Fizik Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alan: Yo\u011fun Madde Fizik Su\u00e7u: Sch\u00f6n, Molek\u00fcler Yar\u0131 \u0130letkenler ve \u00dcstte S\u00fcper \u0130letkenlik \u00dczerine \u00c7\u0131\u011f\u0131r A\u00e7an Makaleler Yay\u0131nlad\u0131 Bilim ve do\u011fa gibi dergiler. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, verileri \u00fcretti\u011fini ve birden fazla makalede ayn\u0131 grafikleri yeniden kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Birincil konu veri \u00fcretimi iken, Sch\u00f6n ayr\u0131ca fig\u00fcrleri intihal ve uygun al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmadan metni yeniden kulland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> Fallout: Bir d\u00fczineden fazla makale geri \u00e7ekildi ve Bell Labs onu g\u00f6revden ald\u0131. Doktora daha sonra Konstanz \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal edildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 8. Haruko obokata \u2013 Stap h\u00fccresi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alan: K\u00f6k h\u00fccre biyolojisi suistimali: Obokata, basit stres\u00f6rler kullanarak pluripotent k\u00f6k h\u00fccreler olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem ke\u015ffetti\u011fini iddia etti. Nature&#039;daki makaleleri k\u00fcresel ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal Eleman\u0131: Onun Y\u00f6ntemler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, di\u011fer kaynaklardan kopyalanan metinleri i\u00e7eriyordu ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc manip\u00fclasyonu da tespit edildi.<\/li>\n<li> Fallout: Ka\u011f\u0131tlar geri \u00e7ekildi ve ortak yazar\u0131 Yoshiki Sasai, skandal\u0131n ortas\u0131nda trajik bir \u015fekilde intihar ederek \u00f6ld\u00fc. Obokata, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Riken&#039;den istifa etti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 9: Rathindra Nath DAS \u2013 Hindistan&#039;da intihalli tez<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alan: \u00c7evre Bilimi Suistimali: Jadavpur \u00dcniversitesi&#039;nde profes\u00f6r olan DAS&#039;\u0131n onun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 intihal etti\u011fi tespit edildi. doktora tezi.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Di\u011fer tezlerden ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalelerinden t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri at\u0131f yap\u0131lmadan kopyalad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> Fallout: Doktoras\u0131 iptal edildi ve \u00fcniversite, g\u00f6zetim mekanizmalar\u0131 konusunda incelemeyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 10: Hwang Woo-Suk \u2013 G\u00fcney Kore&#039;de K\u00f6k H\u00fccre Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alan: Biyoteknoloji Suistimal: Hwang, insan embriyolar\u0131n\u0131 klonlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hastaya \u00f6zg\u00fc k\u00f6k h\u00fccreleri olu\u015fturdu\u011funu iddia etti.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Makaleleri tahrif edilmi\u015f veriler ve intihal rakamlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/li>\n<li> Fallout: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve zimmete para ge\u00e7irme ve biyoetik ihlallerinden h\u00fck\u00fcm giydi. Skandal G\u00fcney Kore&#039;nin bilimsel itibar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde zedeledi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 11: Luc Montagnier \u2013 Ate\u015f Alt\u0131nda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc Sahibi<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alan: Viroloji Suistimal: Montagnier, HIV&#039;in ortak ke\u015ffi, daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda intihal iddialar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131 DNA&#039;daki elektromanyetik sinyaller.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal Eleman\u0131: Ele\u015ftirmenler, makalelerinin uygun al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmadan di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n fikirlerini ve metinlerini yeniden kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/li>\n<li> Fallout: Resmi olarak onaylanmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, itibar\u0131 zedelendi ve daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak sahte bilim olarak ele\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 12: Vishwa Jit Gupta \u2013 Hindistan&#039;da Fosil Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Paleontoloji Suistimali: Gupta, \u00e7o\u011fu imal edilmi\u015f veya \u00fcretilmi\u015f Himalaya fosilleri hakk\u0131nda 400&#039;den fazla makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u0130ntihal.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan fosil tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini kopyalad\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 kendi ke\u015fifleri olarak iddia etti.<\/li>\n<li> Fallout: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 di\u011fer bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc ve bir\u00e7ok dergi onun makalelerini geri \u00e7ekti. Dava, Hindistan&#039;daki en kapsaml\u0131 bilimsel doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klardan biri olmaya devam ediyor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vaka 13: Cyril Burt \u2013 \u0130stihbarat \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00dcretimi<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alan: Psikoloji Suistimali: Burt, zekan\u0131n kal\u0131tsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan ikiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etti.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Bulgular\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in verileri yeniden kulland\u0131 ve ortak yazarlar\u0131 icat etti.<\/li>\n<li> serpinti: \u00d6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 soru\u015fturmalar ciddi etik ihlalleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve psikolojideki miras\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Desenler ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bayraklar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Bu vakalar yinelenen temalar\u0131 ortaya koyuyor:<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek etkili dergilerde yay\u0131nlanma bask\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zellikle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan akran de\u011ferlendirmesi titizli\u011fi eksikli\u011fi Fields<\/li>\n<li>Prestige&#039;in suistimalleri engelledi\u011fi kuruma k\u00f6r noktalar<\/li>\n<li>Ortak yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve etik onaylar\u0131 do\u011frulamada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Bilim adamlar\u0131 neden intihal ediyor?<\/h3>\n<p> Bilimde intihal genellikle \u015funlardan kaynaklan\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yay\u0131nlanma bask\u0131s\u0131: \u201cYay\u0131nla ya da yok ol\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, niceli\u011fi kaliteden \u00e7ok te\u015fvik eder.<\/li>\n<li>Kariyer geli\u015fimi: promosyonlar, hibeler ve prestij yay\u0131n metriklerine ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> G\u00f6zetim eksikli\u011fi: Akran de\u011ferlendirme sistemleri, ince intihal bi\u00e7imlerini g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Zay\u0131f etik e\u011fitim: Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar al\u0131nt\u0131 normlar\u0131n\u0131 veya veri eti\u011fini tam olarak anlayamayabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0130ntihal nas\u0131l tespit edilir?<\/h3>\n<p>Modern ara\u00e7lar ve uygulamalar intihalin saptanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vinajizm tespit yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (\u00f6rn., <a href=\"\/plagiarism-checker\/\">OriginalityReport<\/a> veya Turnitin)<\/li>\n<li>Manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f fig\u00fcrler i\u00e7in adli t\u0131p<\/li>\n<li>Guttenplag wiki<\/li>\n<li>Retraction Watch ve di\u011fer Watchdog platformlar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kurumlar, suistimalleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in daha kat\u0131 y\u00f6nergeler ve etik e\u011fitimi de uyguluyor.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00d6\u011frenilen dersler ve ileriye giden yol<\/h3>\n<p>Bu vakalar uyar\u0131c\u0131 hikayeler olarak hizmet ediyor. Bize \u015funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yorlar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn etki fakt\u00f6r\u00fcnden daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu.<\/li>\n<li> \u015eeffafl\u0131k ve tekrarlanabilirlik tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Kurumlar, sadece rekabet\u00e7i k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri de\u011fil, etik k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri de te\u015fvik etmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0130ntihalin bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fczerindeki etkisi?<\/h2>\n<p>Vintihal, bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tam kalbine \u00e7arpar &#8211; ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00fcveni, \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc baltalar. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar ve \u00f6rneklerle bunun nas\u0131l ve neden oldu\u011funu tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6zelim.<\/p>\n<h3>Bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck nedir?<\/h3>\n<p>Bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck, ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fcr\u00fctme, raporlama ve yay\u0131nlamada etik ilkelere ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade eder. \u015eunlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Veri toplama ve analizde d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck<\/li>\n<li>Metodoloji ve yazarl\u0131kta \u015feffafl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar ve sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7in hesap verebilirlik<\/li>\n<li>Fikri m\u00fclkiyete sayg\u0131 ve uygun at\u0131f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130ntihal resme girdi\u011finde, bu s\u00fctunlar par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n<h2> \u0130ntihalin bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe nas\u0131l zarar verdi\u011fi<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya olan g\u00fcveni a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r<\/strong><br \/> \u0130ntihal, bulgular\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe yarat\u0131r. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ba\u015fka birinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kopyalarsa, akranlar\u0131, kurumlar veya halk, verilerin veya sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funa nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenebilir?<br \/> <em>\u00d6rnek:<\/em> Jan Hendrik Sch\u00f6n \u00f6rne\u011finde, onun uydurulmu\u015f ve intihal verileri Yo\u011fun madde fizi\u011finde yayg\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphecilik, dergileri akran de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini yeniden de\u011ferlendirmeye zorlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>bilimsel kay\u0131ttan \u00f6d\u00fcn verir<\/strong><br \/> Bilimin k\u00fcm\u00fclatif olarak in\u015fa etti\u011fi, her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma temele bir tu\u011fla ekler. \u0130ntihalli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 veya kaynaklar\u0131 israf\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilecek hatal\u0131 tu\u011flalar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<br \/> <em>\u00d6rnek:<\/em> Bharat Aggarwal&#039;\u0131n kurkumin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 ve klinisyenleri yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendiren, potansiyel olarak daha etkili tedavileri geciktiren, manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f ve intihalli kanser \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orijinal Katk\u0131lar\u0131 De\u011ferlendirir<\/strong><br \/> \u0130ntihalli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, orijinal yazar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alar. Bu sadece kariyerleri etkilemekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda yenili\u011fi de cayd\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/> <em>\u00d6rnek:<\/em> Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg&#039;in intihalli doktora tezi, fikirlerini kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fersizle\u015ftirdi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda akademik kurumlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini de baltalad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>kurumsal g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi zay\u0131flat\u0131r<\/strong><br \/> \u00dcniversiteler, dergiler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri itibarlar\u0131na g\u00fcvenir. \u0130ntihal ke\u015ffedildi\u011finde, g\u00f6zetim ve inceleme sistemlerine k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131r.<br \/> International Journal for Educational Integrity&#039;de yay\u0131nlanan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, COVID-19 pandemisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda intihal oranlar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve uzaktan \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131ndaki kurumsal k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>entelekt\u00fcel b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi engeller<\/strong><br \/> \u0130ntihal \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecini k\u0131sa devre yapar. \u0130ntihalciler, fikirlerle ilgilenmek yerine, sorgulama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatan ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi atlarlar.<br \/> K\u00fct\u00fcphane ve Bilgi Bilimi E\u011fitim A\u011f\u0131&#039;na g\u00f6re, intihal &quot;yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve entelekt\u00fcel b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi engeller, nihayetinde akademik m\u00fckemmelli\u011fin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi temeli zay\u0131flat\u0131r.&quot; Kay\u0131p, iptal edilen dereceler ve hatta yasal i\u015flem. Bu sonu\u00e7lar, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruman\u0131n ciddiyetini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<br \/> Hwang Woo-suk \u00f6rne\u011finde, onun doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 k\u00f6k h\u00fccre ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, su\u00e7 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131na ve G\u00fcney Kore bilimine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kamu g\u00fcveninin kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> Dalgalanma Etkisi: Akademinin \u00d6tesinde Neden \u00d6nemlidir<\/h3>\n<p>Bilimsel intihal sadece ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 etkilemez, ayn\u0131 zamanda hatal\u0131 verilere dayal\u0131 politika kararlar\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilir<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011frulanmam\u0131\u015f iddialarla t\u0131bbi tedavileri etkileyin<\/li>\n<li>Kamuoyunun bilim ve yenilik alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131tmak<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ersiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara y\u00f6nelik at\u0131k fonlar\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131, <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn korunmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p> \u0130ntihal, kurumlar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ithenticate veya Turnitin gibi intihal tespit ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc programlarda etik e\u011fitimini te\u015fvik edin<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131k bilim ve veri \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edin<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131k\u0131 meslekta\u015f incelemesi ve yazarl\u0131k y\u00f6nergelerini uygulay\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>\u0130hbarc\u0131lar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecili\u011fi destekleyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, geri \u00e7ekme saati)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vint\u00fcalizm sadece itibar\u0131 zedelemez &#8211; Kariyerleri raydan \u00e7\u0131karmak, gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirmek ve halk\u0131n bilime olan g\u00fcvenini a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmak. A\u00e7\u0131k bilime ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya do\u011fru ilerlerken, hesap verebilirlik bilimsel ilerlemenin merkezinde kalmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> Bilim, \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck, titizlik ve g\u00fcven \u00fczerine geli\u015fir. Yukar\u0131daki vakalar akademik h\u0131rs\u0131n karanl\u0131k taraf\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilim camias\u0131n\u0131n rotas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmedeki dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Bilimde intihal sadece bir etik ihlali de\u011fil, sorgulaman\u0131n temeline ihanettir. Bu skandallardan ders alarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in daha etik ve \u015feffaf bir gelecek in\u015fa edebiliriz. Sadece neyin yanl\u0131\u015f gitti\u011fini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in nas\u0131l daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc korumalar olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Akademik yazma veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile ilgileniyorsan\u0131z, bu hikayelerin bir hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131na izin verin: c\u00f6mert\u00e7e al\u0131nt\u0131 yap\u0131n, titizlikle do\u011frulay\u0131n ve her zaman uygunluk yerine d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"<h2> Bilimde intihal neden \u00f6nemli<\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p>Bilimde intihal sadece metin kopyalamakla ilgili de\u011fil, ke\u015ffin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermekle ilgilidir. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar g\u00fcven, \u015feffafl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe dayan\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcven k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sonu\u00e7lar bireyin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kurumlar\u0131, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini etkiliyor.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p>Bu makalede, bilimdeki en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli intihal vakalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedece\u011fiz, suistimallerinin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz ve bu skandallar\u0131n akademik ya\u015fam\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve tuzaklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnece\u011fiz.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h3>Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmada intihal ne olu\u015fturur?<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<p>Vakalara dalmadan \u00f6nce, bilimsel ba\u011flamda intihalin ne anlama geldi\u011fini tan\u0131mlamak \u00f6nemlidir. \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Metinsel intihal: metnin b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini uygun al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmadan kopyalama.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Veri intihal: ba\u015fka birinin deneysel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kendinizmi\u015f gibi sunmak.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Fikir \u0130ntihal: Ba\u015fka bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n hipotezini veya metodolojisini kredisiz kullanmak.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Kendini intihal: ki\u015finin daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa etmeden yeniden kullanmas\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<p>Bilimsel suistimal, y\u00fcksek profilli vakalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla intihale e\u015flik eden imalat, tahrif veya hayalet yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h3> Vaka 1: Elias Alsabti \u2013 The Phantom Researcher<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Arka plan: Aslen Irakl\u0131 olan Elias Alsabti, 1970&#039;lerin sonlar\u0131nda ve ba\u015flar\u0131nda ABD&#039;de biyomedikal ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak poz verdi. 1980&#039;ler. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu mevcut literat\u00fcrden intihal edilen prestijli dergilerde 60&#039;tan fazla makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihalin do\u011fas\u0131: Alsabti t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kopyalad\u0131, bazen sadece ortak yazarlar\u0131n isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f verilerin ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit eden sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi bir alan olan kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na odakland\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar: Alsabti&#039;nin t\u0131bbi lisans\u0131 if\u015fa edildikten sonra iptal edildi ve evraklar\u0131 geri al\u0131nd\u0131. Davas\u0131, biyomedikal bilimdeki en korkun\u00e7 akademik doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rneklerinden biri olmaya devam ediyor.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 2: Bharat Aggarwal \u2013 Curcumin Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Arka plan: Bharat Aggarwal, Teksas&#039;taki MD Anderson Kanser Merkezi&#039;nde \u00f6nde gelen bir kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Zerde\u00e7alda bulunan bir bile\u015fik olan kurkumin \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla potansiyel bir kanser tedavisi olarak \u00fcn kazand\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> K\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131: Aggarwal&#039;\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ve intihal metinler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bulundu. 30&#039;dan fazla makalesi geri \u00e7ekildi ve di\u011ferleri endi\u015feleri i\u00e7in i\u015faretlendi.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Etki: Skandal, curcumin&#039;i \u00e7evreleyen terap\u00f6tik iddialar hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rd\u0131 ve hype g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tehlikelerini vurgulad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, bilimsel yay\u0131nlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc manip\u00fclasyonunun daha fazla incelenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 3: Joachim BOLDT \u2013 \u0130malatl\u0131 anestezi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Arka plan: Bir Alman anestezi uzman\u0131 olan Joachim Boldt, intraven\u00f6z s\u0131v\u0131lar ve anestezi \u00fczerine y\u00fczlerce makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. teknikler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Avrupa&#039;daki klinik k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131 etkiledi.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal ve doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131: BOLDT&#039;nin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n uydurulmu\u015f verilerine ve intihal b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine sahip oldu\u011fu bulundu. S\u0131k s\u0131k denemeleri i\u00e7in etik onay alamad\u0131 ve ortak yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu suistimalden habersizdi.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Sonu\u00e7lar: Boldt&#039;un 220&#039;den fazla makalesi geri \u00e7ekildi ve onu tarihteki en \u00fcretken bilimsel doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan biri yapt\u0131. Davas\u0131, klinik ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6zetiminde ve ortak yazar hesap verebilirlikte reformlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 4: Anna Ahimastos \u2013 Sahte ila\u00e7 deneme verileri<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Arka plan: Anna Ahimastos, Melbourne&#039;deki Baker Idi Kalp ve Diyabet Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc&#039;nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Periferik arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ila\u00e7 olan ramipril \u00fczerinde klinik deneyler yapt\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> K\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda hasta verilerini \u00fcretmeye kabul edilen Ahimastos. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde, ramipril&#039;in, tedavi protokollerini yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilecek hastalarda a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Sonu\u00e7: Dokuz makalesi geri \u00e7ekildi ve g\u00f6revinden istifa etti. Vaka, klinik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda veri do\u011frulaman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 5: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg \u2013 Kopyalanm\u0131\u015f bir tezden siyasi serpinti<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Arka plan: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, Almanya&#039;n\u0131n savunma bakan\u0131 ve y\u00fckselen bir siyasi y\u0131ld\u0131zd\u0131. 2006&#039;da, kamuoyundaki imaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir hukuk doktoras\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihalin do\u011fas\u0131: 2011&#039;de, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i dedektifler, 475 sayfal\u0131k tezinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nt\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n di\u011fer kaynaklardan kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffettiler. Skandal, kitle kaynakl\u0131 bir soru\u015fturma platformu olan \u201cGuttenplag Wiki\u201dde patlak verdi.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Sonu\u00e7lar: Guttenberg&#039;in doktoras\u0131 iptal edildi ve bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etti. Dava, akademik d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck hakk\u0131nda ulusal tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve politikac\u0131lar\u0131n kimlik bilgilerinin daha fazla incelenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 6: P\u00e1l Schmitt \u2013 Olimpiyat \u015fampiyonu, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k intihal<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f: Eski bir Olimpiyat eskrimcisi olan P\u00e1l Schmitt, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Macaristan&#039;\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Olimpiyat \u00fczerine doktora tezi Tarih 1992&#039;de sunuldu.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihalin Do\u011fas\u0131: 2012&#039;de Semmelweis \u00dcniversitesi, Schmitt&#039;in tezinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini di\u011fer eserlerden kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu. \u0130ntihal kapsaml\u0131 ve kas\u0131tl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Sonu\u00e7: Schmitt&#039;in doktoras\u0131 iptal edildi ve ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan istifa etti. Skandal, akademik suistimalin halk\u0131n ulusal liderlere olan g\u00fcvenini nas\u0131l zay\u0131flatabilece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 7: Jan Hendrik Sch\u00f6n \u2013 Bell Laboratuvarlar\u0131nda Fizik Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Alan: Yo\u011fun Madde Fizik Su\u00e7u: Sch\u00f6n, Molek\u00fcler Yar\u0131 \u0130letkenler ve \u00dcstte S\u00fcper \u0130letkenlik \u00dczerine \u00c7\u0131\u011f\u0131r A\u00e7an Makaleler Yay\u0131nlad\u0131 Bilim ve do\u011fa gibi dergiler. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, verileri \u00fcretti\u011fini ve birden fazla makalede ayn\u0131 grafikleri yeniden kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Birincil konu veri \u00fcretimi iken, Sch\u00f6n ayr\u0131ca fig\u00fcrleri intihal ve uygun al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmadan metni yeniden kulland\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Fallout: Bir d\u00fczineden fazla makale geri \u00e7ekildi ve Bell Labs onu g\u00f6revden ald\u0131. Doktora daha sonra Konstanz \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal edildi.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 8. Haruko obokata \u2013 Stap h\u00fccresi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Alan: K\u00f6k h\u00fccre biyolojisi suistimali: Obokata, basit stres\u00f6rler kullanarak pluripotent k\u00f6k h\u00fccreler olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem ke\u015ffetti\u011fini iddia etti. Nature&#039;daki makaleleri k\u00fcresel ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal Eleman\u0131: Onun Y\u00f6ntemler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, di\u011fer kaynaklardan kopyalanan metinleri i\u00e7eriyordu ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc manip\u00fclasyonu da tespit edildi.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Fallout: Ka\u011f\u0131tlar geri \u00e7ekildi ve ortak yazar\u0131 Yoshiki Sasai, skandal\u0131n ortas\u0131nda trajik bir \u015fekilde intihar ederek \u00f6ld\u00fc. Obokata, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Riken&#039;den istifa etti.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 9: Rathindra Nath DAS \u2013 Hindistan&#039;da intihalli tez<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Alan: \u00c7evre Bilimi Suistimali: Jadavpur \u00dcniversitesi&#039;nde profes\u00f6r olan DAS&#039;\u0131n onun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 intihal etti\u011fi tespit edildi. doktora tezi.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Di\u011fer tezlerden ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalelerinden t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri at\u0131f yap\u0131lmadan kopyalad\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Fallout: Doktoras\u0131 iptal edildi ve \u00fcniversite, g\u00f6zetim mekanizmalar\u0131 konusunda incelemeyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 10: Hwang Woo-Suk \u2013 G\u00fcney Kore&#039;de K\u00f6k H\u00fccre Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Alan: Biyoteknoloji Suistimal: Hwang, insan embriyolar\u0131n\u0131 klonlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hastaya \u00f6zg\u00fc k\u00f6k h\u00fccreleri olu\u015fturdu\u011funu iddia etti.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Makaleleri tahrif edilmi\u015f veriler ve intihal rakamlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Fallout: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve zimmete para ge\u00e7irme ve biyoetik ihlallerinden h\u00fck\u00fcm giydi. Skandal G\u00fcney Kore&#039;nin bilimsel itibar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde zedeledi.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 11: Luc Montagnier \u2013 Ate\u015f Alt\u0131nda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc Sahibi<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Alan: Viroloji Suistimal: Montagnier, HIV&#039;in ortak ke\u015ffi, daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda intihal iddialar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131 DNA&#039;daki elektromanyetik sinyaller.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal Eleman\u0131: Ele\u015ftirmenler, makalelerinin uygun al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmadan di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n fikirlerini ve metinlerini yeniden kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Fallout: Resmi olarak onaylanmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, itibar\u0131 zedelendi ve daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak sahte bilim olarak ele\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 12: Vishwa Jit Gupta \u2013 Hindistan&#039;da Fosil Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Paleontoloji Suistimali: Gupta, \u00e7o\u011fu imal edilmi\u015f veya \u00fcretilmi\u015f Himalaya fosilleri hakk\u0131nda 400&#039;den fazla makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u0130ntihal.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan fosil tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini kopyalad\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 kendi ke\u015fifleri olarak iddia etti.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> Fallout: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 di\u011fer bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc ve bir\u00e7ok dergi onun makalelerini geri \u00e7ekti. Dava, Hindistan&#039;daki en kapsaml\u0131 bilimsel doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klardan biri olmaya devam ediyor.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Vaka 13: Cyril Burt \u2013 \u0130stihbarat \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00dcretimi<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Alan: Psikoloji Suistimali: Burt, zekan\u0131n kal\u0131tsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan ikiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etti.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u0130ntihal unsuru: Bulgular\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in verileri yeniden kulland\u0131 ve ortak yazarlar\u0131 icat etti.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> serpinti: \u00d6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 soru\u015fturmalar ciddi etik ihlalleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve psikolojideki miras\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h2>Desenler ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bayraklar<\/h2>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Bu vakalar yinelenen temalar\u0131 ortaya koyuyor:<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Y\u00fcksek etkili dergilerde yay\u0131nlanma bask\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u00d6zellikle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan akran de\u011ferlendirmesi titizli\u011fi eksikli\u011fi Fields<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Prestige&#039;in suistimalleri engelledi\u011fi kuruma k\u00f6r noktalar<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Ortak yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve etik onaylar\u0131 do\u011frulamada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>Bilim adamlar\u0131 neden intihal ediyor?<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<p> Bilimde intihal genellikle \u015funlardan kaynaklan\u0131r:<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Yay\u0131nlanma bask\u0131s\u0131: \u201cYay\u0131nla ya da yok ol\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, niceli\u011fi kaliteden \u00e7ok te\u015fvik eder.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Kariyer geli\u015fimi: promosyonlar, hibeler ve prestij yay\u0131n metriklerine ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> G\u00f6zetim eksikli\u011fi: Akran de\u011ferlendirme sistemleri, ince intihal bi\u00e7imlerini g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rabilir.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Zay\u0131f etik e\u011fitim: Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar al\u0131nt\u0131 normlar\u0131n\u0131 veya veri eti\u011fini tam olarak anlayamayabilir.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u0130ntihal nas\u0131l tespit edilir?<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<p>Modern ara\u00e7lar ve uygulamalar intihalin saptanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur:<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Vinajizm tespit yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (\u00f6rn., <a href=\"\/plagiarism-checker\/\">OriginalityReport<\/a> veya Turnitin)<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f fig\u00fcrler i\u00e7in adli t\u0131p<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Guttenplag wiki<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Retraction Watch ve di\u011fer Watchdog platformlar\u0131<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<p>Kurumlar, suistimalleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in daha kat\u0131 y\u00f6nergeler ve etik e\u011fitimi de uyguluyor.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h3>\u00d6\u011frenilen dersler ve ileriye giden yol<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<p>Bu vakalar uyar\u0131c\u0131 hikayeler olarak hizmet ediyor. Bize \u015funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yorlar:<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn etki fakt\u00f6r\u00fcnden daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li> \u015eeffafl\u0131k ve tekrarlanabilirlik tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Kurumlar, sadece rekabet\u00e7i k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri de\u011fil, etik k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri de te\u015fvik etmelidir.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h2>\u0130ntihalin bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fczerindeki etkisi?<\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p>Vintihal, bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tam kalbine \u00e7arpar - ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00fcveni, \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc baltalar. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar ve \u00f6rneklerle bunun nas\u0131l ve neden oldu\u011funu tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6zelim.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h3>Bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck nedir?<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<p>Bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck, ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fcr\u00fctme, raporlama ve yay\u0131nlamada etik ilkelere ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade eder. \u015eunlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Veri toplama ve analizde d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Metodoloji ve yazarl\u0131kta \u015feffafl\u0131k<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar ve sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7in hesap verebilirlik<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Fikri m\u00fclkiyete sayg\u0131 ve uygun at\u0131f<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<p>\u0130ntihal resme girdi\u011finde, bu s\u00fctunlar par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<h2> \u0130ntihalin bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe nas\u0131l zarar verdi\u011fi<\/h2>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li><strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya olan g\u00fcveni a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r<\/strong><br \/> \u0130ntihal, bulgular\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe yarat\u0131r. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ba\u015fka birinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kopyalarsa, akranlar\u0131, kurumlar veya halk, verilerin veya sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funa nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenebilir?<br \/> <em>\u00d6rnek:<\/em> Jan Hendrik Sch\u00f6n \u00f6rne\u011finde, onun uydurulmu\u015f ve intihal verileri Yo\u011fun madde fizi\u011finde yayg\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphecilik, dergileri akran de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini yeniden de\u011ferlendirmeye zorlad\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li><strong>bilimsel kay\u0131ttan \u00f6d\u00fcn verir<\/strong><br \/> Bilimin k\u00fcm\u00fclatif olarak in\u015fa etti\u011fi, her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma temele bir tu\u011fla ekler. \u0130ntihalli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 veya kaynaklar\u0131 israf\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilecek hatal\u0131 tu\u011flalar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<br \/> <em>\u00d6rnek:<\/em> Bharat Aggarwal&#039;\u0131n kurkumin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 ve klinisyenleri yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendiren, potansiyel olarak daha etkili tedavileri geciktiren, manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f ve intihalli kanser \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li><strong>Orijinal Katk\u0131lar\u0131 De\u011ferlendirir<\/strong><br \/> \u0130ntihalli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, orijinal yazar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alar. Bu sadece kariyerleri etkilemekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda yenili\u011fi de cayd\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/> <em>\u00d6rnek:<\/em> Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg&#039;in intihalli doktora tezi, fikirlerini kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fersizle\u015ftirdi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda akademik kurumlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini de baltalad\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li><strong>kurumsal g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi zay\u0131flat\u0131r<\/strong><br \/> \u00dcniversiteler, dergiler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri itibarlar\u0131na g\u00fcvenir. \u0130ntihal ke\u015ffedildi\u011finde, g\u00f6zetim ve inceleme sistemlerine k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131r.<br \/> International Journal for Educational Integrity&#039;de yay\u0131nlanan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, COVID-19 pandemisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda intihal oranlar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve uzaktan \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131ndaki kurumsal k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li><strong>entelekt\u00fcel b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi engeller<\/strong><br \/> \u0130ntihal \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecini k\u0131sa devre yapar. \u0130ntihalciler, fikirlerle ilgilenmek yerine, sorgulama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatan ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi atlarlar.<br \/> K\u00fct\u00fcphane ve Bilgi Bilimi E\u011fitim A\u011f\u0131&#039;na g\u00f6re, intihal &quot;yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve entelekt\u00fcel b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi engeller, nihayetinde akademik m\u00fckemmelli\u011fin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi temeli zay\u0131flat\u0131r.&quot; Kay\u0131p, iptal edilen dereceler ve hatta yasal i\u015flem. Bu sonu\u00e7lar, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruman\u0131n ciddiyetini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<br \/> Hwang Woo-suk \u00f6rne\u011finde, onun doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 k\u00f6k h\u00fccre ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, su\u00e7 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131na ve G\u00fcney Kore bilimine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kamu g\u00fcveninin kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h3> Dalgalanma Etkisi: Akademinin \u00d6tesinde Neden \u00d6nemlidir<\/h3>\r\n \r\n<p>Bilimsel intihal sadece ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 etkilemez, ayn\u0131 zamanda hatal\u0131 verilere dayal\u0131 politika kararlar\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilir<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Do\u011frulanmam\u0131\u015f iddialarla t\u0131bbi tedavileri etkileyin<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Kamuoyunun bilim ve yenilik alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131tmak<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Ge\u00e7ersiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara y\u00f6nelik at\u0131k fonlar\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131, <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<h2>Bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn korunmas\u0131<\/h2>\r\n \r\n<p> \u0130ntihal, kurumlar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar:<\/p>\r\n \r\n<ul> \r\n<li>Ithenticate veya Turnitin gibi intihal tespit ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc programlarda etik e\u011fitimini te\u015fvik edin<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131k bilim ve veri \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edin<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>S\u0131k\u0131 meslekta\u015f incelemesi ve yazarl\u0131k y\u00f6nergelerini uygulay\u0131n<\/li>\r\n \r\n<li>\u0130hbarc\u0131lar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecili\u011fi destekleyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, geri \u00e7ekme saati)<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n<p>Vint\u00fcalizm sadece itibar\u0131 zedelemez - Kariyerleri raydan \u00e7\u0131karmak, gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirmek ve halk\u0131n bilime olan g\u00fcvenini a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmak. A\u00e7\u0131k bilime ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya do\u011fru ilerlerken, hesap verebilirlik bilimsel ilerlemenin merkezinde kalmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p> Bilim, \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck, titizlik ve g\u00fcven \u00fczerine geli\u015fir. Yukar\u0131daki vakalar akademik h\u0131rs\u0131n karanl\u0131k taraf\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilim camias\u0131n\u0131n rotas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmedeki dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Bilimde intihal sadece bir etik ihlali de\u011fil, sorgulaman\u0131n temeline ihanettir. Bu skandallardan ders alarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in daha etik ve \u015feffaf bir gelecek in\u015fa edebiliriz. Sadece neyin yanl\u0131\u015f gitti\u011fini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in nas\u0131l daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc korumalar olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p>Akademik yazma veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile ilgileniyorsan\u0131z, bu hikayelerin bir hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131na izin verin: c\u00f6mert\u00e7e al\u0131nt\u0131 yap\u0131n, titizlikle do\u011frulay\u0131n ve her zaman uygunluk yerine d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc se\u00e7in.<\/p>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bilimde intihal neden \u00f6nemli Bilimde intihal sadece metin kopyalamakla ilgili de\u011fil, ke\u015ffin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermekle ilgilidir. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar g\u00fcven, \u015feffafl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe dayan\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcven k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sonu\u00e7lar bireyin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kurumlar\u0131, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini etkiliyor. Bu makalede, bilimdeki en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli intihal vakalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedece\u011fiz, suistimallerinin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz ve bu skandallar\u0131n [&hellip;]","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_aioseo_title":"Bilimde Intihal Vakalar\u0131","_aioseo_description":"Bilimde en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen intihal vakalar\u0131, nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131. \u0130ntihalin \u00f6nlenmesi ve i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.","_locale":"tr_TR","_original_post":"https:\/\/originalityreport.com\/?p=1299","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academic-writing","tr-TR"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All 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